Ethical behaviour
The rules and regulations of ethical behavior in the context of a research proposal (adapted from Shamoo and Resnik, 2009):
| Honesty | Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. |
| Objectivity | Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. |
| Integrity | Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. |
| Carefulness | Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection, research design, and correspondence with agencies or journals. |
| Openness | Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. |
| Respect for Intellectual Property | Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Never plagiarize. |
| Confidentiality | Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. |
| Responsible Publication | Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. |
| Responsible Mentoring | Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. |
| Respect for colleagues | Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly. |
| Social Responsibility | Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. |
| Non-Discrimination | Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. |
| Competence | Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. |
| Legality | Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. |
| Animal Care | Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed experiments that involve animals. |
| Human Subjects Protection: | When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly. |
| International Conventions: | Adhere to the rules and regulations laid out by conventions such as the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). |