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What geological features are observed?

While the surrounding terrain dates back to the Noachian period, the depression itself displays several features indicative of more recent geological activity. The HRSC images reveal that the degraded crater rim is cut in some areas, likely due to mass-wasting resulting from groundwater sapping. Notably, in the southern part of the depression, branching channels, resembling to sapping structures are visible (see annotated image). These channels suggest that drainage ways could have been created by the outflow of subsurface fluids. Along nearly all sections of the crater wall, viscous flow patterns can be observed with a flow direction downward (see annotated image). These features are known as lobate debris aprons and are often interpreted as debris-covered glaciers, consisting of ice-rich material beneath a protective rock layer. These aprons are a typical feature in the mid-latitudes (see April PR - Acheron Fossae) and are believed to form during periods of high obliquity (increased axial tilt) in the Amazonian period, when climatic conditions allowed ice to accumulate. 

Inside the depression, the landscape shows a mix of knobs, mesas, and smoother plains. A closer view of one of the knobs near the crater wall shows that it is partially enclosed by lobate debris aprons. The knobs and mesas may be erosional remnants of a formerly continuous rock layer or, particularly toward the center of the depression the remnants of a former central peak structure. However, these “knobby remnants” are a common feature in “fretted” regions.

Toward the center of the depression, darker surface material is visible, likely consisting of aeolian deposits that often accumulate in depressions. The dark material could be of volcanic origin. Spectral analysis also detected the presence of phyllosilicates concentrated within these darker deposits. Phyllosilicates are clay minerals that typically form through aqueous alteration of volcanic ash in marine or lacustrine environments, suggesting that liquid water once played an important role in this region.